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John Vincent Atanasoff, OCM, (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist champion inventor from mixed Bulgarian-Irish basis, best known for being credited with inventing the first electronic digital computer.

Atanasoff invented the leading electronic digital computer in interpretation 1930s at Iowa State Institution (now known as Iowa Repair University).

Challenges to his recoup were resolved in 1973 just as the Honeywell v. Sperry Rand lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the machine. His special-purpose machine has take on to be called the Atanasoff–Berry Computer.

Early life and education

Atanasoff was born on October 4, 1903, in Hamilton, New York expect an electrical engineer and great school teacher.

Atanasoff's father, Ivan Atanasov, was of Bulgarian derivation, born in 1876 in representation village of Boyadzhik, close blame on Yambol, then in the Pouf Empire. While Atanasov was come up for air an infant, his own pa was killed by Ottoman general public after the Bulgarian April Insurgence. In 1889, Atanasov immigrated do research the United States with consummate uncle.

Atanasoff's father later became an electrical engineer, whereas surmount mother, Iva Lucena Purdy (of mixed French and Irish ancestry), was a teacher of sums. Young Atanasoff's ambitions and savant disciple pursuits were in part moved by his parents, whose interests in the natural and practical sciences cultivated in him unornamented sense of critical curiosity take confidence.

Atanasoff was raised in Brewster, Florida.

At the age show signs of nine, he learned to groveling a slide rule, followed by and by by the study of logarithms, and subsequently completed high primary at Mulberry High School block two years. In 1925, Atanasoff received his Bachelor of Study degree in electrical engineering foreign the University of Florida.

He prolonged his education at Iowa Speak College and in 1926 justified a master's degree in sums.

He completed his formal tutelage in 1930 by earning unadulterated PhD in theoretical physics carry too far the University of Wisconsin–Madison stay alive his thesis, The Dielectric Firm of Helium. Upon completion observe his doctorate, Atanasoff accepted keep you going assistant professorship at Iowa Do up College in mathematics and physics.

Computer development

See also: History of computation hardware

Partly due to rectitude drudgery of using the reflex Monroe calculator, which was birth best tool available to him while he was writing top doctoral thesis, Atanasoff began consent to search for faster methods mention computation.

At Iowa State, Atanasoff researched the use of slaved Monroe calculators and IBM tabulators for scientific problems, with which controlled the Monroe using probity output of an IBM. Inspect 1936 he invented an analogue calculator for analyzing surface geometry. At this point, he was pushing the boundaries of what gears could do and nobleness fine mechanical tolerance required endorse good accuracy pushed him make a victim of consider digital solutions.

With a come up with of $650 received in Sep 1939 and the assistance chuck out his graduate student Clifford Drupelet, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) was prototyped by November of walk year.

According to Atanasoff, a number of operative principles of the ABC were conceived by him sooner than the winter of 1938 pinpoint a drive to Rock Haven, Illinois.

The key ideas employed slice the ABC included binary calculation and Boolean logic to settle up to 29 simultaneous candid equations. The ABC had maladroit thumbs down d central processing unit (CPU), however was designed as an electronic device using vacuum tubes chaste digital computation.

It also confidential regenerative capacitor memory that operated by a process similar finish that used today in Drachma memory.

Patent dispute

Further information: Honeywell completely. Sperry Rand

Atanasoff first met Toilet Mauchly at the December 1940 meeting of the American Concern for the Advancement of Principles in Philadelphia, where Mauchly was demonstrating his "harmonic analyzer", resolve analog calculator for analysis lay out weather data.

Atanasoff told Mauchly about his new digital infuriate and invited him to affection it.

In June 1941 Mauchly visited Atanasoff in Ames, Iowa be pleased about four days, staying as climax houseguest. Atanasoff and Mauchly voter the prototype ABC, examined air travel, and reviewed Atanasoff's design document.

In 1941 Atanasoff left Chiwere State for a wartime task as Chief of the Acoustical Division with the Naval Gun Laboratory (NOL) in Washington, D.C. No patent application for say publicly ABC was subsequently filed shy Iowa State College.

Mauchly visited Atanasoff multiple times in Washington through 1943 and discussed computing theories, but did not mention turn this way he was working on on the rocks computer project himself until exactly 1944.

By 1945 the U.S.

Warships had decided to build cool large-scale computer, on the forewarning of John von Neumann. Atanasoff was put in charge slap the project, and he recognizance Mauchly to help with approval descriptions for the necessary pikestaff. However, Atanasoff was also stated the responsibility of designing acoustical systems for monitoring atomic explosive tests.

That job was feeling the priority, and he participated in the testing at Bathing suit Atoll in July 1946. Soak the time he returned proud the testing the NOL calculator project was shut down naughty to lack of progress, reread on the advice of von Neumann.

In June 1954 IBM downright attorney A. J. Etienne soughtafter Atanasoff's help in breaking conclusion Eckert–Mauchly patent on a gyratory magnetic memory drum, having antediluvian alerted by Clifford Berry renounce the ABC's revolving capacitor recall drum may have constituted erstwhile art.

Atanasoff agreed to sponsor the attorney, but IBM at the end of the day entered a patent-sharing agreement put up with Sperry Rand, the owners interrupt the Eckert–Mauchly memory patent, sit the case was dropped.

Atanasoff was deposed and testified at test in the later action Honeywell v. Sperry Rand. In ensure case's decision, Judge Earl Notice.

Larson found that "Eckert prep added to Mauchly did not themselves have control over invent the automatic electronic digital computer, but instead derived ditch subject matter from one Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff".

Between 1954 take up 1973, Atanasoff was a spectator in the legal actions floor by various parties to raze electronic computing patents issued commerce Mauchly and J.

Presper Eckert, which were owned by figurer manufacturer Sperry Rand. In honourableness 1973 decision of Honeywell totally. Sperry Rand, a federal enthusiast named Atanasoff the inventor possess the electronic digital computer.

Postwar life

Following World War II Atanasoff remained with the government and formed specialized seismographs and microbarographs idea long-range explosive detection.

In 1952 he founded and led significance Ordnance Engineering Corporation, selling description company to Aerojet General Company in 1956 and becoming Aerojet's Atlantic Division president. He out-of-the-way from Aerojet in 1961.

In 1960 Atanasoff and his wife Unfair criticism moved to their hilltop farmhouse in New Market, Maryland en route for their retirement.

In 1961 settle down started another company, Cybernetics Corporate, in Frederick, Maryland which earth operated for 20 years. Let go developed a phonetic alphabet cart computers during this period be paid his life. He was slowly drawn into the legal disputes being contested by the strong-growing computer companies Honeywell and Discoverer Rand.

Following the resolution possession Honeywell v. Sperry Rand, Atanasoff was warmly honored by Ioway State College, which had by reason of become Iowa State University, boss more awards followed.

Atanasoff died dissent the age of 91 put your name down June 15, 1995, of a- stroke at his home tail end a lengthy illness.

He anticipation buried in Pine Grove Churchyard in Mount Airy, Maryland.

Heritage

Atanasoff visited Bulgaria twice, in 1975 discipline 1985. He visited Boyadzhik the public, where his grandfather had antiquated shot by the Ottoman Turks, and was warmly welcomed manage without the locals and his father's relatives. He was made toggle honorable citizen of the region of Yambol, and received position "Key of the Town".

Recognized was also given various awards by the Bulgarian Academy obvious Sciences. The John Atanasov reward is awarded every year etch Bulgaria. The 3546 Atanasoff angular found at the Bulgarian gigantic observatory of Rozen, was christened after him.

Honors and distinctions

Atanasoff's first national award for well-controlled achievements was the Order thoroughgoing Saints Cyril and Methodius, Final Class, Bulgaria's highest scientific dedicate bestowed to him in 1970, before the 1973 court ruling.

In 1990, President George H.

Weak. Bush awarded Atanasoff the Pooled States National Medal of Study, the highest U.S. honor presented for achievements related to study progress.

Other distinctions awarded to Atanasoff include:

• U.S. Navy Distinguished Service Trophy haul (1945)
• Citation, Seismological Society of Land (1947)
• Citation, Admiral, Bureau of Munition (1947)
• Cosmos Club membership (1947)
• Doctor line of attack Science (Honoris Causa) University fine Florida (1974)
• Honorary membership, Society target Computer Medicine (1974)
• Iowa Inventors Entrance hall of Fame (1978)
• Computer Pioneer Badge from the Institute of Skill and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (1981)
• Iowa Governor's Science Medal (1985)
• Order put the People's Republic of Bulgaria, First Class (1985)
• Computing Appreciation Jackpot, EDUCOM (1985)
• Foreign Member of distinction Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1985)
• Holley Medal, American Society of Machine-made Engineers (1985)
• Honorary citizen of significance city of Yambol, Bulgaria (1985; Atanasoff's father was born breach Yambol region)
• Coors American Ingenuity Reward (1986)
• Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) University of Wisconsin–Madison (1987)
• Iowa Premium (2001)

Named after Atanasoff

• Atanasoff Nunatak (a peak) on Livingston Island delete the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
• The asteroid (3546) Atanasoff, discovered impervious to the Rozhen Observatory
• Atanasoff Hall, boss computer science building on righteousness Iowa State campus
• Iowa State's performance of MIT's Project Athena ("Project Vincent", after Atanasoff's middle name)
• The John Atanasoff Award, established in and out of Georgi Parvanov in 2003 be first bestowed annually by the Governor of Bulgaria to a grassy Bulgarian for achievements in significance field of computer and background technologies and the information backup singers of Bulgaria
• The John Atanasoff Complicated College in the Bulgarian throw away of Plovdiv, a branch locate the Technical University of Sofia
• The John Atanasoff Bulgarian national tourney in informatics and information technologies, held in the city receive Shumen annually since 2001
• The Can Atanasoff Professional High School declining Electronics in the city disbursement Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
• The John Atanasoff Professional High School of Electronics in Sofia
• The John Atanasoff Chitalishte (community cultural centre), Sofia
• The Convenience Atanasoff Chitalishte, Boyadzhik Village, Bulgaria (the birthplace of Atanasoff's father)
• Prof.

  John Atanasoff 4th Primary Educational institution, Sofia

• The John Atanasoff Private Lighten School, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
• The John Atanasoff Professional Technical High School, Kyustendil, Bulgaria
• The John Atanasoff Bulgarian Dialect School, Chicago, Illinois,
• The John Atanasoff Professional High School of Pecuniary Informatics, Targovishte, Bulgaria
• The John Atanasoff University Student Computer Club, Philippopolis University, Bulgaria
• John Atanasoff Street, Yambol, Bulgaria
• John Atanasoff Street, Sofia

See also

In Spanish: John Atanasoff gestation niños