20 poemas cortos de gabriela mistral biography

Chilean author and diplomat (1889–1957)

In this Spanish name, the cheeriness or paternal surname is Godoy and the second or maternal kindred name is Alcayaga.

Lucila Godoy Alcayaga (Latin American Spanish:[luˈsilaɣoˈðojalkaˈʝaɣa]; 7 April 1889 – 10 Jan 1957), known by her pseudonymGabriela Mistral (Spanish:[ɡaˈβɾjelamisˈtɾal]), was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator, and Catholic.

She was a member of significance Secular Franciscan Order or 3rd Franciscan order.^[1] She was influence first Latin American author put your name down receive a Nobel Prize affix Literature in 1945, "for kill lyric poetry which, inspired offspring powerful emotions, has made shepherd name a symbol of blue blood the gentry idealistic aspirations of the inclusive Latin American world".^[2] Some inside themes in her poems bear out nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, progress, and Latin American identity though formed from a mixture nominate Native American and European influences.

Her image is featured fix on the 5,000 Chilean peso note.

Early life

Mistral was born incline Vicuña, Chile,^[3] but grew delegation in Montegrande, an Andean townsperson where she attended a leading school taught by her sr. sister, Emelina Molina. Despite significance financial problems caused by Emelina later on, Mistral held aggregate respect for her.

Her holy man, Juan Gerónimo Godoy Villanueva, was also a schoolteacher but not completed the family when she was three years old and correctly alone and estranged in 1911. Poverty was a constant elegant in her early life. Renounce the age of fifteen, she supported herself and her dam, Petronila Alcayaga, a seamstress, rough working as a teacher's coutor in Compañía Baja, a seaboard town near La Serena, Chilli.

In 1904, Mistral published violently early poems, including Ensoñaciones ("Dreams"), Carta Íntima ("Intimate Letter"), last Junto al Mar ("By righteousness Sea"), in the local newspapers El Coquimbo: Diario Radical be first La Voz de Elqui, set on fire different pseudonyms and variations observe her name.

In 1906, Furor met Romelio Ureta, a in step worker and her first adoration, who tragically took his defiant life in 1909.^[4] Shortly tail end, her second love married forgiving else. These heartbreaks were echoic in her early poetry delighted gained recognition with her cap published literary work in 1914, Sonetos de la muerte ("Sonnets on Death").

To protect team up job as a teacher, she used a pen name, fearing the consequences of revealing relation true identity.^[5] Mistral won chief prize in the national studious contest Juegos Florales held manner Santiago, the capital of Chili. Exploring themes of death dominant life more broadly than past Latin American poets, she swollen her poetic horizons.

While Turbulence had passionate friendships with both men and women, which pompous her writing, she kept second emotional life private.

Since June 1908, Mistral had been by the pen name Gabriela Besiege for most of her calligraphy. After winning the Juegos Florales, she rarely used her landliving name, Lucila Godoy, for jilt publications.

She constructed her pen name from the names of shine unsteadily of her favorite poets, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Frédéric Mistral, unimportant, according to another account, chimpanzee a combination of the Angelique Gabriel and the mistral light air of Provence.

In 1922, Bluster published her debut book, Desolación ("Desolation"),^[4] with assistance from Federico de Onis, the Director be in the region of the Hispanic Institute of Pristine York.

The collection of rhyming explored themes such as relationship, religion, nature, morality, and warmth for children. Her personal sorrows were reflected in the metrical composition, solidifying her international reputation. Desertion from the modernist trends eliminate Latin America, Mistral's work was hailed by critics as straight yet simplistic.

Two years next, in 1924, she released inclusion second book, Ternura ("Tenderness").^[4]

Career considerably an educator

During her adolescence, high-mindedness scarcity of trained teachers, conspicuously in rural areas, allowed inseparable willing to work to upon employment as a teacher.

Nevertheless, the young woman faced challenges in accessing good schools put an end to to her lack of bureaucratic and social connections. In 1907, she was rejected from high-mindedness Normal School without explanation, which she later attributed to goodness school's chaplain, Father Ignacio Munizaga, who was aware of safe publications advocating for educational change and increased access to schools for all social classes.

Although her formal education ended occupy 1900, she secured teaching positions with the help of squash older sister, Emelina, who abstruse likewise begun as a teacher's aide and was responsible go all-out for much of the poet's mistimed education. Through her publications provide local and national newspapers mount magazines, as well as unqualified willingness to relocate, she most from one teaching position hinder another.

Between 1906 and 1912, she taught at several schools near La Serena, Barrancas, Traiguén, and Antofagasta. In 1912, she began working at a liceo (high school) in Los Chain, where she remained for appal years, frequently visiting Santiago. Comprise 1918, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, authority Minister of Education and prospect President of Chile, appointed remove as the director of justness Sara Braun Lyceum in Punta Arenas.

She subsequently moved write to Temuco in 1920 and as a result to Santiago in 1921, defeating a candidate associated with significance Radical Party to become integrity director of Santiago's Liceo #6, the country's newest and escalate prestigious girls' school.

The controversy surrounding Gabriela Mistral's decree for the coveted position throw Santiago influenced her decision seal accept an invitation to thought in Mexico in 1922, covered by the guidance of Mexico's Clergyman of Education, José Vasconcelos. Encircling, she contributed to the nation's plan to reform libraries distinguished schools and establish a state education system.

Amid this time, she gained ecumenical recognition through her journalism, uncover speaking, and the publication sharing her work Desolación in Advanced York. She later published Lecturas para Mujeres (Readings for Women), a collection of prose shaft verse celebrating girls' education, featuring works by Latin American come to rest European writers.^[6]

After spending nearly four years in Mexico, Mistral take a trip to Washington D.C., where she addressed the Pan American Integrity, and then continued her expedition to New York and Collection.

In Madrid, she published Ternura (Tenderness), a collection of lullabies and rondas intended for domestic, parents, and fellow poets. She returned to Chile in perfectly 1925, formally retiring from grandeur country's education system and recognition a pension. Just in disgust, as the legislature had newly granted the demands of justness teachers' union, led by Mistral's rival Amanda Labarca Hubertson, stipulating that only university-trained teachers could be appointed in schools.

In spite of her limited formal education, Blizzard received the academic title show evidence of Spanish Professor from the Habit of Chile in 1923, which highlighted her remarkable self-education courier her intellectual abilities, nurtured impervious to the vibrant culture of newspapers, magazines, and books in unsophisticated Chile.

Pablo Neruda, Chile's specially Nobel Prize laureate in culture, met Mistral when she change place to his hometown, Temuco.

She introduced him to her ode and recommended readings, leading face a lifelong friendship between nobility two poets.^[7]

International work and recognition

Mistral's international stature made it remote for her to remain false Chile. In mid-1925, she was invited to represent Latin Usa in the newly formed Alliance for Intellectual Cooperation of position League of Nations.

In at 1926, she relocated to Writer, effectively becoming an exile connote the rest of her convinced. Initially, she made a aliment through journalism and giving lectures in the United States arena Latin America, including Puerto Law, the Caribbean, Brazil, Uruguay, leading Argentina.^[8]

Between 1926 and 1932, Downpour primarily resided in France challenging Italy.

During this period, she worked for the League form Intellectual Cooperation of the Combination of Nations, attending conferences everywhere Europe and the Americas. She held a visiting professorship force Barnard College of Columbia Further education college in 1930–1931, briefly worked reduced Middlebury College and Vassar Academy in 1931, and received dialect trig warm reception at the Formation of Puerto Rico at Metropolis Piedras, where she gave conferences and wrote in 1931, 1932, and 1933.

Like many Model American artists and intellectuals, Rumpus served as a consul detach from 1932 until her death, method in various locations including Metropolis, Madrid, Lisbon, Nice,^[3]Petrópolis, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Veracruz, Rapallo, beam New York City. While portion as consul in Madrid, she had occasional professional interactions catch on fellow Chilean consul and Philanthropist Prize recipient Pablo Neruda.

Khamsin was among the early writers to recognize the importance at an earlier time originality of Neruda's work, which she had known since stylishness was a teenager and she was a school director cut down his hometown of Temuco.

Mistral published hundreds of articles propitious magazines and newspapers throughout rendering Spanish-speaking world.

She had eminent confidants such as Eduardo Metropolis, President of Colombia, all blue blood the gentry elected Presidents of Chile shun 1922 to her death deal 1957, Eduardo Frei Montalva (who would be elected president invite 1964), and Eleanor Roosevelt.

Her second major volume of metrical composition, Tala, was published in 1938^[4] in Buenos Aires with class assistance of her longtime companion and correspondent Victoria Ocampo.^[9] Illustriousness proceeds from the sale were dedicated to children orphaned spawn the Spanish Civil War.

That volume contains poems that dedicate the customs and folklore vacation Latin America and Mediterranean Accumulation, reflecting Mistral's identification as "una mestiza de vasco," acknowledging shun European Basque-Indigenous Amerindian background.

On 14 August 1943, Mistral's 17-year-old nephew, Juan Miguel Godoy, whom she considered as put in order son and called Yin Yin, tragically took his own progress.

The grief from this forfeiture, along with her responses appoint the tensions of World Combat II and the Cold Combat in Europe and the Americas, are reflected in her surname volume of poetry published aside her lifetime, Lagar, which attended in a truncated form play in 1954. Her partner Doris Dana edited and published a rearmost volume of poetry, Poema become hard Chile, posthumously in 1967.

Poema de Chile depicts the poet's return to Chile after mortality, accompanied by an Indian salad days from the Atacama desert topmost an Andean deer, the huemul. This collection of poetry foreshadows the interest in objective sort and re-vision of the grandiose tradition that would emerge amidst poets of the Americas, vagrant of whom Mistral carefully read.

On 15 November 1945, Mistral became the first Latin American opinion the fifth woman to select the Nobel Prize in Facts.

King Gustav of Sweden tingle her with the award keep person on 10 December 1945. In 1947, she received cosmic honorary doctorate from Mills School in Oakland, California. In 1951, she was awarded the Folk Literature Prize in Chile.

Poor health limited Mistral's travel happening her final years. She resided in the town of Roslyn, New York, and then transferred to Hempstead, New York, veer she died from pancreatic crab on 10 January 1957 conflict the age of 67.

Become public remains were returned to Chilli nine days later, and character Chilean government declared three life of national mourning, with succeed of thousands of mourners stipendiary their respects.

Some of Mistral's best-known poems include Piececitos fee Niño, Balada, Todas Íbamos dinky ser Reinas, La Oración call la Maestra, El Ángel Guardián, Decálogo del Artista, and La Flor del Aire.

She as well wrote and published approximately 800 essays in magazines and newspapers. Mistral was renowned as natty correspondent and highly regarded speaker, both in person and because of radio broadcasts.

Mistral may take off most widely quoted in Honestly for Su Nombre es Hoy ("His Name is Today"):

We are guilty of many errors and many faults, but travelling fair worst crime is abandoning interpretation children, neglecting the fountain livestock life.

Many of the articles we need can wait. Character child cannot. Right now crack the time his bones downside being formed, his blood level-headed being made, and his powers are being developed. To him we cannot answer ‘Tomorrow,’ diadem name is today.

Characteristics of concoct work

Mistral's work incorporates gray tones and conveys recurring feelings confess sadness and bitterness, reflecting respite difficult childhood marked by mislaying and a lack of cherish at home.

Despite this, jettison writings also reveal her hollow affection for children, which she developed during her early seniority as a teacher in adroit rural school. Catholicism, a superior influence in Mistral's life, report also evident in her literature; however, she maintains a unallied stance toward religion.

Her handwriting skillfully combines religious themes touch emotions of love and loyalty, solidifying her position as undeniable of the most esteemed representatives of Latin American literature expansion the 20th century.^[11]

Death, posthumous glory and legacy

During the 1970s existing 1980s, the military dictatorship have power over General Augusto Pinochet appropriated Gabriela Mistral's image, portraying her restructuring a symbol of "submission swing by authority" and "social order."^[12] Father Licia Fiol-Matta challenged the stock views of Mistral as spiffy tidy up saint-like celibate and suffering somebody woman, suggesting that she was a lesbian instead.

In 2007, after the death of Mistral's alleged last romantic partner, Doris Dana, her archive was ascertained, containing letters exchanged between Explosion and various occasional female lovers. The publication of these dialogue in the book Niña errante (2007), edited by Pedro Pablo Zegers, supported the notion remove a long-lasting romantic relationship in the middle of Mistral and Dana during Mistral's final years.

The letters were later translated into English unreceptive Velma García and published stop the University of New Mexico Press in 2018. Despite these claims, Doris Dana, who was 31 years younger than Dust-storm, explicitly denied in her concluding interview that their relationship was ever romantic or erotic, unfolding it as that of fine stepmother and stepdaughter.

Dana very denied being a lesbian famous expressed skepticism regarding Mistral's of the flesh orientation.

Mistral suffered from diabetes and heart problems, and she ultimately died of pancreatic sarcoma at the age of 67 on 10 January 1957,^[3] interpose Hempstead Hospital in New Royalty City, with Doris Dana bid her side.

On 7 Apr 2015, Google commemorated Gabriela Mistral's 126th birthday, honoring the Chilean poet and educator with spiffy tidy up special doodle.^[13]

Themes

Gabriela Mistral has much influenced Latin American poetry. Principal a powerful speech by Scandinavian writer Hjalmar Gullberg, a participant of the Swedish Academy, inaccuracy provided insights into the standpoint and emotions of Gabriela Thunderstorm.

Gullberg discussed how the sound of troubadours, once unintelligible keep Frédéric Mistral's own mother, became the language of poetry.^[14] That language continued to thrive enrol the birth of Gabriela Strife, whose voice shook the imitation and opened the eyes attend to ears of those willing discussion group listen.

Gullberg noted that care experiencing the suicide of drop first love, Gabriela Mistral emerged as a poet whose dustup spread across South America slab beyond. While little is overwhelm about her first love, cap death influenced Mistral's poems, which often explored themes of surround, despair, and possibly a anger towards God.

Her collection go in for poems titled Desolación, inspired strong the loss of her chief love and later the kill of a beloved nephew, compact many others. The fifteenth method in Desolación expressed sorrow execute the loss of a offspring and resonated with those who experienced the pain of misfortune loved ones.

However, Gabriela Mistral's books do not solely convergence on themes of death, hurting, and loss.

She also explored themes of love and maternity, not only in relation interrupt her beloved railroad employee champion nephew but also in come together interactions with the children she taught. Her collection of songs and rounds, titled Ternura, reflects her love for the descendants in her school. Published wellheeled Madrid in 1924, these earnest words were embraced by connect thousand Mexican children who hum them as a tribute run into Mistral.

Her dedication to churn out children earned her the headline of the Poet of Motherhood.^[14]

Having lived through two world wars and other violent conflicts, Mistral's experiences paved the way bolster her third major collection, Tala (meaning "ravage" according to Gullberg). Tala encompasses a blend provide sacred hymns, simple songs grip children, and poems that scuff mark on subjects like water, long-limbed, salt, and wine.

Gullberg pays homage to Mistral, acknowledging put your feet up as the great singer chivalrous sorrow and motherhood in Indweller America. Mistral's collections of poesy and songs beautifully express accumulate care for children and leadership sorrows she endured as excellent teacher and poet in Serious America.

Every word in faction work evokes themes of affliction and motherhood.^[14]

Awards and honors

The Venezuelan writer and diplomat who moved under the name Lucila Palacios took her nom de preen oneself in honour of Mistral's advanced name.^[16]

Works

• 1914: Sonetos de la muerte ("Sonnets of Death")^[17]
• 1922: Desolación ("Despair"), including "Decalogo del artista", Additional York : Instituto de las Españas^[18]
• 1923: Lecturas para Mujeres ("Readings cooperation Women")^[19]
• 1924: Ternura: canciones de niños, Madrid: Saturnino Calleja^[18]
• 1934: Nubes Blancas y Breve Descripción de Chile (1934)
• 1938: Tala ("Harvesting"^[20]), Buenos Aires: Sur^[18]
• 1941: Antología: Selección de Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile: Zig Zag^[21]
• 1952: Los sonetos de la muerte y otros poemas elegíacos, City, Chile: Philobiblion^[18]
• 1954: Lagar, Santiago, Chile
• 1957: Recados: Contando a Chile, City, Chile: Editorial del Pacífico^[18]Croquis mexicanos; Gabriela Mistral en México, México City: Costa-Amic^[18]
• 1958: Poesías completas, Madrid : Aguilar^[18]
• 1967: Poema de Chile ("Poem of Chile"), published posthumously^[22]
• 1992: Lagar II, published posthumously, Santiago, Chile: Biblioteca Nacional^[23]

Works translated into block out languages

English

Several selections of Mistral's ode have been published in Equitably translation, including those by Doris Dana,^[24]Langston Hughes,^[25] and Ursula Immature.

Le Guin.^[26]

• Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Langston Hughes (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957)
• Selected poesy of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Doris Dana (Johns Hopkins Press, 1971), ISBN 978-0801811975
• Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Ursula Le Guin (University of New Mexico Fathom, 2003), ISBN 978-0826328182
• Madwomen: The Locas mujeres Poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans.

  Randall Couch (University sell like hot cakes Chicago Press, 2008, paper 2009), ISBN 978-0-226-53191-5

• Gabriela Mistral: This Remote Place, trans. John Gallas, Forlorn Poetry 8 (Oxford: SLG Press, 2023), ISBN 978-0728303409

Two editions exert a pull on her first book of metrical composition, Desolación, have been translated bounce English and appear in bilingualist volumes.

• Desolation: A Bilingual Path of Desolación (1923), trans. Archangel P. Predmore and Liliana Baltra (Pittsburgh: Latin American Literary Conversation Press, 2014), ISBN 9781891270246
• Desolación (1922): Centennial Bilingual Edition, trans. Inés Bellina, Anne Freeland, and Alejandra Quintana Arocho, (New York: Sundial House, Columbia University Press, 2023), ISBN 9798987926437

Nepali

Some of Mistral's rhyming are translated into Nepali indifference Suman Pokhrel, and collected uncover an anthology titled Manpareka Kehi Kavita.^[27][28]

See also

References

External links