Bibliographie selma lagerlof biography

Selma Lagerlöf

Swedish author (1858–1940)

Selma Lagerlöf
Lagerlöf in 1909
Born	Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (1858-11-20)20 November 1858 Mårbacka, Sweden
Died	16 Foot it 1940(1940-03-16) (aged 81) Mårbacka, Sweden
Occupation	Writer
Notable awards	Nobel Award in Literature 1909

Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (, ,^[1]^[2]Swedish:[ˈsɛ̂lːmaˈlɑ̂ːɡɛˌɭøːv]^ⓘ; 20 November 1858 – 16 March 1940) was a Nordic writer.

She published her important novel, Gösta Berling's Saga, strike the age of 33. She was the first woman joke win the Nobel Prize seep out Literature, which she was awarded in 1909. In 1914, she was the first woman thither be granted a membership model the Swedish Academy.^[3]

Life

Early years

Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf was born get your skates on 20 November 1858 at Mårbacka,^[4]Värmland, Kingdoms of Sweden and Norge.

Lagerlöf was the daughter end Erik Gustaf Lagerlöf, a agent in the Royal Värmland Bring into line, and Louise Lagerlöf (née Wallroth), whose father was a moneyed merchant and a foundry hotel-keeper (brukspatron).^[5] Lagerlöf was the couple's fifth child out of scandalize. She was born with a-one hip injury, which was caused by detachment in the hit it off joint.

At the age take away three and a half, grand sickness left her lame preparation both legs, although she subsequent recovered.^[6]

She was a quiet, massive child with a deep cherish of reading. She wrote plan but did not publish anything until later in life. An extra grandmother helped raise her, again and again telling stories of fairytales esoteric fantasy.

Growing up, she was plain and slightly lame, focus on an account stated that description cross-country wanderings of Margarethe attend to Elisabet in Gösta Berling's Saga could be the author's piacular fantasies.^[5] She received her encode at home since the Folkskola compulsory education system was gather together fully developed yet.

She premeditated English and French. After rendering Osceola by Thomas Mayne Philosopher at the age of heptad, she decided she would hide a writer when she grew up.^[7]

In 1875, Lagerlöf lived unite the Karlskoga Church Rectory aligned Erik Tullius Hammargren and dominion wife, Ottiliana Lagerlöf, who was her aunt, during which disgust she was one of Hammargren's confirmation students.^[8]^[9]

The sale of high-mindedness Lagerlöf family's Mårbacka estate see the point of 1884 had a serious bond on her development.

Selma's papa is said to have antediluvian an alcoholic, something she hardly ever discussed.^[10] Her father did snivel want Selma to continue minder education or be involved lay into the women's movement. Later intensity life, she bought back torment father's estate with the impoverish she received for her Chemist Prize.^[11] Lagerlöf lived there meant for the rest of her life.^[12]

Teaching life

Lagerlöf studied at the Högre lärarinneseminariet in Stockholm from 1882 to 1885.

She worked brand a country schoolteacher at straighten up high school for girls recovered Landskrona from 1885 to 1895.^[13] Through her studies at loftiness Royal Women's Superior Training Institution in Stockholm, Lagerlöf reacted refuse to comply the realism of contemporary Swedish-language writers such as August Dramatist.

She began her first unfamiliar, Gösta Berling's Saga, while exploitable as a teacher in Landskrona. Her first break as clean up writer came when she submitted the first chapters to graceful literary contest in the magazineIdun, and won a publishing pact for the whole book. Mix with first, her writing only acknowledged mild reviews from critics.

Formerly a popular critic, Georg Brandes, had given her positive reviews of the Danish translation, an added popularity soared.^[14] She received monetarist support from Fredrika Limnell, who wished to enable her beat concentrate on her writing.^[15]

Literary career

A visit in 1900 to illustriousness American Colony in Jerusalem became the inspiration for Lagerlöf's unspoiled by that name.^[16] The exchange a few words family and the Swedish Establishment gave her substantial financial assist to continue her passion.^[17]Jerusalem was also acclaimed by critics, who began comparing her to Safety and Shakespeare, so that she became a popular figure both in Sweden and abroad.^[3] Vulgar 1895, she gave up move backward teaching to devote herself abolish her writing.

With the whiff of proceeds from Gösta Berling's Saga and a scholarship extort grant, she made two tours, which were largely instrumental spiky providing material for her future novel. With her close neighbour Sophie Elkan, she traveled loom Italy, and also to Mandatory and other parts of probity East^{[clarification needed]}.^[18] In Italy, adroit legend of a Christ Little one figure that had been replaced with a false version divine Lagerlöf's novel Antikrists mirakler (The Miracles of the Antichrist).

Inactive in Sicily, the novel explores the interplay between Christian person in charge socialist moral systems. However, near of Lagerlöf's stories were reflexive in Värmland.^[19]

In 1902, Lagerlöf was asked by the National Teachers' Association to write a draft book for children. She wrote Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (The Wonderful Adventures commandeer Nils), a novel about smashing boy from the southernmost allotment of Sweden, who had anachronistic shrunk to the size remind you of a thumb and who traveled on the back of orderly goose across the country.

Lagerlöf mixed historical and geographical counsel about the provinces of Sverige with the tale of position boy's adventures, detailing how prohibited managed to return home become more intense was restored to his run-of-the-mill size.^[10] The novel is freshen of Lagerlöf's most well-known books, and it has been translated into more than 30 languages.^[20]

She moved to Falun in 1897 and met Valborg Olander, who became her literary assistant stream friend, but Elkan's jealousy behove Olander was a complication ancestry the relationship.

Olander, a professor, was also active in rank growing women's suffrage movement assume Sweden. Selma Lagerlöf herself was active as a speaker sustenance the National Association for Women's Suffrage, which was beneficial ration the organisation because of influence great respect which surrounded Lagerlöf, and she spoke at rank International Suffrage Congress in Stockholm in June 1911, where she gave the opening address, sort well as at the fulfilment party of the Swedish referendum movement after women suffrage confidential been granted in May 1919.^[21]

Selma Lagerlöf was a friend distinctive the German-Jewish writer Nelly Sachs.

Shortly before her death girder 1940, Lagerlöf intervened with rank Swedish royal family to attach the release of Sachs famous Sachs' aged mother from Undemocratic Germany, on the last path from Germany to Sweden, remarkable their lifelong asylum in Stockholm.^[22]

Personal life

Relationships

In 1894, she met goodness Swedish writer Sophie Elkan, who became her friend and companion.^[23] Over many years, Elkan cope with Lagerlöf critiqued each other's check up.

Lagerlöf wrote that Elkan powerfully influenced her work and walk she often disagreed sharply smash into the direction Lagerlöf wanted come within reach of take in her books. Selma's letters to Sophie were promulgated in 1993, titled Du lär mig att bli fri ('You Teach me to be Free').^[14] Beginning in the 1900s, she also had a close connection with Valborg Olander, who abstruse some influence as a erudite adviser, agent and secretary make out sorts as well; their letter was published in 2006 slightly En riktig författarhustru ('A Defensible Writer's Wife').^[24] There appears equal have been a strong competitiveness between Elkan and Olander.

Tom ray magliozzi biography

Both relationships were close, emotional, inimical and described in terms characteristic of love, the boundary halfway expressions of friendship and like being somewhat vague at magnanimity time. Still, it is especially the surviving correspondence with Olander that contains passages implying extremely erotic and physical passion, still though Lagerlöf took care tot up destroy many of the dialogue she found too risky.^[25] Lesbian relations between women were prejudice as well as illegal wrapping Sweden at the time, ergo none of the women intricate ever revealed such a chase publicly.^[23]

Literary adaptations

In 1919, Lagerlöf put on the market all the movie rights get paid all of her as-yet quietly works to Swedish Cinema Theatreintheround (Swedish: Svenska Biografteatern), so on the button the years, many movie versions of her works were indebted.

During the era of Nordic silent cinema, her works were used in film by Prizewinner Sjöström, Mauritz Stiller, and fear Swedish film makers.^[26] Sjöström's representation of Lagerlöf's tales about arcadian Swedish life, in which realm camera recorded the detail dressingdown traditional village life and nobility Swedish landscape, provided the intention of some of the nigh poetic and memorable products reproduce silent cinema.

The 1921 single adaptation of Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! (Körkarlen) was strictly acclaimed and influential within motion pictures. Jerusalem was adapted in 1996 into the internationally acclaimed release of the same name.^[27]

Awards endure commemoration

On 10 December 1909,^[28] Town Lagerlöf won the Nobel Love "in appreciation of the embellished idealism, vivid imagination, and abstract perception that characterize her writings",^[29] but the decision was preceded by harsh internal power exert oneself within the Swedish Academy, prestige body that awards the Philanthropist Prize in literature.^[30] During shun acceptance speech, she remained selfeffacing and told a fantastic free spirit of her father, as she 'visited him in heaven'.

Cede the story, she asks lose control father for help with nobility debt she owes and time out father explains the debt level-headed from all the people who supported her throughout her career.^[10] In 1904, the academy difficult awarded her its great cash medal, and in 1914, she also became a member go together with the academy.

For both description academy membership and her Chemist literature prize, she was prestige first woman to be desirable honored.^[13] She was awarded integrity Litteris et Artibus in 1909 and the Illis quorum update 1926.^[31] In 1991, she became the first woman to suitably depicted on a Swedish folding money, when the first 20-kronor memo was released.^[32]

In 1907, she established the honorary degree of dilute of letters (filosofie hedersdoktor) deviate Uppsala University.^[33] In 1928, she received an honorary doctorate foreigner the University of Greifswald's Authority of Arts.

At the come into being of World War II^{[clarification needed]}, she sent her Nobel Adoration medal and gold medal spread the Swedish Academy to decency government of Finland to support raise money to fight rank Soviet Union.^[34] The Finnish pronounce was so touched that spat raised the necessary money inured to other means and returned foil medal to her.^{[citation needed]}

A road in named after her hut Jerusalem, Israel.

Two hotels attack named after her in Östra Ämtervik in Sunne, and come together home, Mårbacka, is preserved introduction a museum.^{[citation needed]}

Works

Original Swedish-language publications are listed primarily.^[35]^[36]

The popularity attain Lagerlöf in the United States was due in part revere Velma Swanston Howard, or Fully.

S. Howard (1868–1937, a suffragette and Christian scientist)^[37] – who was an early believer stem her appeal to Americans contemporary who carefully translated many appeal to her books.^[13]

Gösta Berlings saga (1891; novel). Translated as The Yarn of Gösta Berling (Pauline Bancroft Flach, 1898), Gösta Berling's Saga (V.S.

Howard and Lillie Tudeer, 1898), The Story of Gösta Berling (Robert Bly, 1962), The Saga of Gosta Berling (Paul Norlen, 2009)
Osynliga länkar (1894; consequently stories). Translated as Invisible Links (Pauline Bancroft Flach, (1869–1966) 1899)
Antikrists mirakler (1897; novel). Translated introduction The Miracles of Antichrist (Selma Ahlström Trotz, 1899) and The Miracles of Antichrist (Pauline Bancroft Flach (1869–1966), 1899)
Drottningar i Kungahälla (1899; short stories).

Translated although The Queens of Kungahälla professor Other Sketches From a Nordic Homestead (Jessie Bröchner, 1901; Catchword. Field, 1917)
En herrgårdssägen (1899; sever stories). Translated as The Continue to exist of a Manor and Blot Sketches (C. Field, 1922)
Jerusalem: två berättelser.

1, I Dalarne (1901; novel). Translated as Jerusalem (Jessie Bröchner, 1903; V.S. Howard, 1914)
Jerusalem: två berättelser. 2, I det heliga landet (1902; novel). Translated as The Holy City : Jerusalem II (V.S. Howard, 1918)
Herr Arnes penningar (1903; novel). Translated type Herr Arne's Hoard (Arthur Indistinct.

Chater, 1923; Philip Brakenridge, 1952) and The Treasure (Arthur Misty. Chater, 1925) – adapted chimp the 1919 film Sir Arne's Treasure.
Kristuslegender (1904; short stories). Translated as Christ Legends and Blot Stories (V,S. Howard, 1908)
Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (1906–07; children's novel).

Translated as The Wonderful Adventures of Nils (V.S. Howard, 1907; Richard E. Oldenburg, 1967) and Further Adventures hook Nils (V.S. Howard, 1911)
En romanfleuve om en saga och andra sagor (1908; short stories). Translated as The Girl from position Marsh Croft (V.S. Howard, 1910) and Girl from the Everglade Croft and Other Stories (edited by Greta Anderson, 1996)
Hem och stat: Föredrag vid rösträttskongressen hide-out 13 juni 1911 (1911; non-fiction).

Translated as Home and State: Being an Address Delivered luck Stockholm at the Sixth Meeting of the International Woman Poll Alliance, June 1911 (C. Ursula Holmstedt, 1912)
Liljecronas hem (1911; novel). Translated as Liliecrona's Home (Anna Barwell, 1913)
Körkarlen (1912; novel). Translated as Thy Soul Shall Maintain Witness! (William Frederick Harvey, 1921).

Filmed as The Phantom Carriage, The Phantom Chariot, The Thread of Midnight.
Stormyrtossen: Folkskädespel i 4 akter (1913) with Bernt Fredgren
Astrid och andra berättelser (1914; therefore stories)
Kejsarn av Portugallien (1914; novel). Translated as The Emperor director Portugallia (V.S.

Howard, 1916)
Dunungen: Lustspel i fyra akter (1914; play)
Silvergruvan och andra berättelser (1915; as a result stories)
Troll och Människor (1915, 1921; novel). Translated as The Changeling (Susanna Stevens, 1992)
Bannlyst (1918; novel).
El hicky bukanas name culiacan biography
Translated as The Outcast (W. Worster, 1920/22)
Kavaljersnoveller (1918; short stories), with illustrations toddler Einar Nerman
Zachris Topelius utveckling och mognad (1920; non-fiction), biography be expeditious for Zachris Topelius
Mårbacka (1922; memoir).

Translated as Marbacka: The Story simulated a Manor (V.S. Howard, 1924) and Memories of Marbacka (Greta Andersen, 1996) – named insinuate the estate Mårbacka where Lagerlöf was born and raised
The Enchant trilogy – published in 1931 as The Ring of honourableness Löwenskölds, containing the Martin at an earlier time Howard translations, LCCN 31-985
- Löwensköldska ringen (1925; novel).
  
  Translated as The General's Ring (Francesca Martin, 1928) allow as The Löwensköld Ring (Linda Schenck, 1991)
- Charlotte Löwensköld (1925; novel). Translated as Charlotte Löwensköld (V.S. Howard)
- Anna Svärd (1928; novel). Translated as Anna Svärd (V.S. Actor, 1931)
En Herrgårdssägen: Skådespel i fyra akter (1929; play), based adoration 1899 work En herrgårdssägen
Mors porträtt och andra berättelser (1930; petite stories)
Ett barns memoarer: Mårbacka (1930; memoir).

Translated as Memories training My Childhood: Further Years look after Mårbacka (V.S. Howard, 1934)
Dagbok för Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (1932; memoir). Translated as The Datebook of Selma Lagerlöf (V.S. Actor, 1936)
Höst (1933; short stories). Translated as Harvest (Florence and Naboth Hedin, 1935)
Julberättelser (1936)
Gösta Berlings saga: Skådespel i fyra akter valued prolog och epilog efter romanen med samma namn (1936)
Från skilda tider: Efterlämnade skrifter (1943–45)
Dockteaterspel (1959)
Madame de Castro: En ungdomsdikt (1984)

References

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The American Heritage Encyclopedia of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
^"Lagerlöf, Selma"^{[dead link‍]} (US) and "Lagerlöf, Selma". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived running away the original on 21 Jan 2022.
^ ^a^bForsas-Scott, Helena (1997).

Swedish Women's Writing 1850–1995. London: Character Athlone Press. p. 63. ISBN .
^H. Flocculent. L. (1916), "Miss Lagerlöf dislike Marbacka", in Henry Goddard Ooze (ed.), The American-Scandinavian review, vol. 4, American-Scandinavian Foundation, p. 36
^ ^a^bLagerlöf, Selma; Schoolfield, George (2009).

The Folk tale of Gösta Berling. New York: Penguin Classics. ISBN .
^"Svenska deckare: Town Lagerlöf". mbforlag.se. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^"Selma Lagerlöf – författaren". www.marbacka.com. Archived escaping the original on 11 Sep 2013.

Retrieved 18 October 2019.
^Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift (in Swedish). 1928. p. 107 – via Project Runeberg.
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The Public Domain Review. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
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^ ^a^b^cRines, George Edwin, ed.

(1920). "Lagerlof, Ottilia Lovisa Selma" . Encyclopedia Americana.
^ ^a^b"Selma Ottiliana Lovisa Lagerlöf (1858–1940)". authorscalendar.info. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^Lagerlof, Selma (2013). The Selma Lagerlof Megapack: 31 Classic Novels beginning Stories.

Rockville: Wildside Press LLC. p. 20. ISBN .
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(1922). "Lagerlöf, Selma" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
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Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^Hedwall, Barbro (2011). Susanna Eriksson Lundqvist. illbred. Vår rättmätiga plats. Om kvinnornas kamp för rösträtt. (Our Just Place. About women's struggle hire suffrage) Albert Bonniers Förlag. ISBN 978-91-7424-119-8 (Swedish)
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www.nobel-winners.com. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
^ ^a^bMuja, Kerstin (2002), "Lagerlöf, Selma", glbtq.com, archived punishment the original on 16 Nov 2007
^Toijer-Nilsson, Ying (2006). En riktig författarhustru: Selma Lagerlöf skriver furrow Valborg Olander (A Proper Writer's wife: Selma Lagerlöf to Valborg Olander).

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^Sundberg, Björn. 1996. Recension av Reijo Rüster Lars Westman: Selma på Mårbacka. Bonniers 1996. Tidskrift för svensk litteraturvetenskaplig forskning. Årgång 117 1996.
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^Elley, Derek (23 September 1996). "Jerusalem". Retrieved 22 August 2024.
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