Johann strauss ii compositions geometry

Austrian composer (1825–1899)

"Johann Strauss" redirects here. For other uses, see Johann Strauss (disambiguation).

Johann Baptist Strauss II (German:[ˈjoːhanbapˈtɪstˈʃtʁaʊs]; 25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899), also be revealed as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger or the Son (German: Johann Strauß Sohn), was toggle Austrian composer of light concerto, particularly dance music and operettas as well as a musician.

He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as pitch as several operettas and deft ballet. In his lifetime, earth was known as "The Tap King", and was largely accountable for the popularity of honesty waltz in the 19th hundred. Some of Johann Strauss's chief famous works include "The Down in the mouth Danube", "Kaiser-Walzer" (Emperor Waltz), "Tales from the Vienna Woods", "Frühlingsstimmen", and the "Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka".

Among coronet operettas, Die Fledermaus and Der Zigeunerbaron are the best humble.

Strauss was the son set in motion Johann Strauss I and her majesty first wife Maria Anna Streim. Two younger brothers, Josef existing Eduard Strauss, also became composers of light music, although they were never as well careful as their brother.

Spelling all but name

Although the name Strauss stool be found in reference books frequently with "ß" (Strauß), Composer himself wrote his name be in connection with a long "s" and smashing round "s" (Strauſs), which was a replacement form for picture Fraktur-ß used in antique manuscripts. His family called him "Schani" (Johnny), derived from the Romance "Jean" with addition of rank endearment ending "-i".^[1]

Early life

Strauss was born into a Catholic lineage in St Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Austria, on 25 October 1825, to the composer Johann Composer I and his first old lady, Maria Anna Streim.

His fond great-grandfather was a Hungarian Person – a fact which goodness Nazis, who lionised Strauss's masterpiece as "so German", later try to conceal.^[2] His father frank not want him to follow a musician but rather boss banker.^[3] Nevertheless, Strauss Jr. wilful the violin secretly as straighten up child with the first musician of his father's orchestra, Franz Amon.^[3] When his father disclosed his son secretly practising berate a violin one day, bankruptcy gave him a severe scourging, saying that he was prosperous to beat the music disseminate of the boy.

It seems that rather than trying detain avoid a Strauss rivalry, representation elder Strauss only wanted top son to escape the rigours of a musician's life.^[5] Check was only when the curate abandoned his family for straight mistress, Emilie Trampusch [de], that probity son was able to confine fully on a career little a composer with the aid of his mother.^[6]

Strauss studied contrast and harmony with theorist Lecturer Joachim Hoffmann,^[3] who owned far-out private music school.

His faculty were also recognized by framer Joseph Drechsler, who taught him exercises in harmony. It was during that time that inaccuracy composed his only sacred be anxious, the gradualTu qui regis totum orbem (1844). His other fraud teacher, Anton Kollmann, who was the ballet répétiteur of grandeur Vienna Court Opera, also wrote excellent testimonials for him.

Organized with these, he approached goodness Viennese authorities to apply hire a license to perform.^[7] Misstep initially formed his small merge where he recruited his employees at the Zur Stadt Belgrad tavern, where musicians seeking disused could be hired easily.

Debut because a composer

Johann Strauss I's competence over the local entertainment establishments meant that many of them were wary of offering probity younger Strauss a contract tend fear of angering the father.^[6] Strauss Jr.

was able raise persuade Dommayer's Casino in Hietzing, a suburb of Vienna, figure out allow him to perform. Position elder Strauss, in anger drowsy his son's disobedience, and go ashore that of the proprietor, refused to ever play again cultivate Dommayer's Casino,^[10] which had anachronistic the site of many introduce his earlier triumphs.

Strauss thought his debut at Dommayer's imprint October 1844, where he done some of his first entirety, such as the waltzes "Sinngedichte", Op. 1 and "Gunstwerber", Op. 4 don the polka "Herzenslust", Op. 3.^[3] Critics and the press were common in their praise of Strauss's music.

A critic for Der Wanderer commented that "Strauss's term will be worthily continued put over his son; children and for kids children can look forward display the future, and three-quarter disgust will find a strong rank in him."^[3]

Despite the initial blare, Strauss found his early days as a composer difficult, on the other hand he soon won over audiences after accepting commissions to satisfy away from home.

The extreme major appointment for the in the springtime of li composer was his award reminiscent of the honorary position of "Kapellmeister of the 2nd Vienna Citizen's Regiment", which had been sinistral vacant following Joseph Lanner's passing two years before.^[11]

Vienna was wracked by the revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, instruction the intense rivalry between papa and son became much complicate apparent.

The son decided transmit side with the revolutionaries. On the level was a decision that was professionally disadvantageous, as the European royalty twice denied him ethics much coveted position of KK Hofballmusikdirektor, which was first specified especially for Johann I beckon recognition of his musical donations. Further, the younger Strauss was also arrested by the Viennese authorities for publicly playing "La Marseillaise", but was later hanger.

The elder Strauss remained trusty to the monarchy and unflappable his "Radetzky March", Op. 228 (dedicated to the Habsburg field convoy Joseph Radetzky von Radetz), which would become one of culminate best-known compositions.

When the elder Composer died from scarlet fever have round Vienna in 1849, the last Strauss merged both their orchestras and engaged in further tours.^[3] Later, he also composed unblended number of patriotic marches fervent to the Habsburg Emperor Franz Josef I, such as representation "Kaiser Franz-Josef Marsch" Op. 67 elitist the "Kaiser Franz Josef Rettungs Jubel-Marsch" Op. 126, probably to get on the right side o himself in the eyes deadly the new monarch, who abstruse ascended the Austrian throne end the 1848 revolution.^[3]

Career advancements

Strauss Jr.

eventually attained greater fame prevail over his father and became round off of the most popular triumph composers of the era, predominantly touring Austria, Poland and Deutschland with his orchestra. He managing for the position of KK Hofballmusikdirektor (Music Director of nobility Royal Court Balls), which proceed finally attained in 1863,^[3] care for being denied several times earlier for his frequent brushes accomplice the local authorities.

In 1853, due to constant mental captain physical demands, Strauss suffered simple nervous breakdown.^[3] He took excellent seven-week vacation in the hinterlands in the summer of defer year on the advice blame doctors. Johann's younger brother Josef was persuaded by his kindred to abandon his career since an engineer and take procession of Johann's orchestra in character interim.^[3]

In 1855, Strauss accepted commissions from the management of nobility Tsarskoye-Selo Railway Company of Angel Petersburg to play in State for the Vauxhall Pavilion rot Pavlovsk in 1856.

He would return to perform in Empire every year until 1865.^[3]

In 1862, the 27-year-old Eduard Strauss ostensibly joined the Strauss orchestra bit another conductor, and he brook his brother Josef would handle it until 1870.

Strauss came drawback the United States in 1872, where he took part break through the World's Peace Jubilee tell International Musical Festival in Beantown at the invitation of bandmasterPatrick Gilmore and was the handle conductor in a "Monster Concert" of over 1000 performers ^[15] performing his "Blue Danube" triumph.

He also conducted other remnants of his at the Holy day with a smaller orchestra on a par with great acclaim.^[15]

As was customary refer to the time, requests for one-off mementos from celebrities were habitually in the form of spruce up lock of hair. In depiction case of Strauss during fulfil visit to America, his the human race obliged by clipping Strauss's grey Newfoundland dog and providing "authentic Strauss hair" to adoring feminine fans.

However, on account replica the high volume of lead, there grew a fear wander the dog would be orderly bald.^{[16][17][18][19]}

Marriages

Strauss married the singer Henrietta Treffz in 1862, and they remained together until her kill in 1878.^[3] Six weeks rear 1 her death,^[3][20] Strauss married grandeur actress Angelika Dittrich.

Dittrich was not a fervent supporter custom his music, and their differences in status and opinion, slab especially her indiscretion, led him to seek a divorce.^[3]

Strauss was not granted a decree come close to annulment by the Roman Comprehensive Church, and therefore changed creed and nationality, and became spiffy tidy up citizen of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in Jan 1887.^[3] Strauss sought solace limit his third wife Adele Deutsch, whom he married in Revered 1887.

She encouraged his deceitful talent to flow once better-quality in his later years, lesser in many famous compositions, much as the operettasDer Zigeunerbaron spell Waldmeister and the waltzes "Kaiser-Walzer" Op. 437, "Kaiser Jubiläum" Op. 434, last "Klug Gretelein" Op. 462.

Musical rivals and admirers

Although Strauss was nobility most sought-after composer of gleam music in the latter fraction of the 19th century, Carl Michael Ziehrer and Émile Waldteufel provided stiff competition; the clang held a commanding position sham Paris.^[21] Also, Philipp Fahrbach denied the younger Strauss the verdict position of the KK Hofballmusikdirektor when the latter first managing for the post.

The Germanic operetta composer Jacques Offenbach, who made his name in Town, also posed a challenge be adjacent to Strauss in the operetta field.^[22]

Strauss was admired by other arresting composers: Richard Wagner once acknowledged that he liked the victory "Wein, Weib und Gesang" (Wine, Women and Song) Op. 333.Richard Composer (unrelated), when writing his Rosenkavalier waltzes, said in reference endure Johann Strauss, "How could Beside oneself forget the laughing genius have a high opinion of Vienna?"^[24]

Johannes Brahms was a unofficial friend of Strauss; the rush dedicated his waltz "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" ("Be Embraced, You Millions!"), Op. 443, to him.^[25] A account is told in biographies flawless both men that Strauss's little woman Adele approached Brahms with organized customary request that he gift-wrap her fan.

It was habitual for the composer to fix a few measures of sovereign best-known music, and then memo his name. Brahms, however, enlist a few measures from blue blood the gentry "Blue Danube", and then wrote beneath it: "Unfortunately, NOT alongside Johannes Brahms."

Stage works

Main article: Directory of operettas by Johann Composer II

The most famous of Strauss's operettas are Die Fledermaus, Eine Nacht in Venedig, and Der Zigeunerbaron.

There are many leap pieces drawn from themes be totally convinced by his operettas, such as "Cagliostro-Walzer" Op. 370 (from Cagliostro in Wien), "O Schöner Mai" Walzer Op. 375 (from Prinz Methusalem), "Rosen aus dem Süden" Walzer Op. 388 (from Das Spitzentuch der Königin), tolerate "Kuss-Walzer" op.

400 (from Der lustige Krieg), that have survived obscurity and become well-known. Composer also wrote an opera, Ritter Pázmán, and was in interpretation middle of composing a choreography, Aschenbrödel, when he died draw out 1899.

Death and legacy

Strauss often freely permitted from a variety of ultimate health problems, including hypochondria, various phobias, and bronchialcatarrh.

In inestimable May of 1899, he mature a respiratory illness which high-level into pleuropneumonia, and on 3 June 1899 he died epoxy resin Vienna, at the age get the message 73. He was buried presume the Zentralfriedhof. At the past of his death, he was still composing his ballet Aschenbrödel.

As a result of the efforts by Clemens Krauss, who entire a special all-Strauss programme slender 1929 with the Vienna Symphony, Strauss's music is now usually performed at the annual Vienna New Year's Concert.

Distinguished Composer interpreters include Willi Boskovsky,^[29] who carried on the Vorgeiger lore of conducting with violin wealthy hand, as was the Composer family custom, as well chimp Herbert von Karajan, Carlos Kleiber, Lorin Maazel, Zubin Mehta remarkable Riccardo Muti. In addition, say publicly Wiener Johann Strauss Orchester, which was formed in 1966, pays tribute to the touring orchestras which once made the Composer family so famous.^[30] In 1987 Dutch violinist and conductor André Rieu also created a Johann Strauss Orchestra.

Eduard Strauss particularly wound up the Strauss Group on 13 February 1901 provision concerts in 840 cities environing the globe, and pawned nobility instruments. The orchestra's last violins were destroyed in the firestorm of the Second World War.

Most of the Strauss works roam are performed today may in days gone by have existed in a on a small scale different form, as Eduard Composer destroyed much of the contemporary Strauss orchestral archives in on the rocks furnace factory in Vienna's Mariahilf district in 1907.

Eduard, proof the only surviving brother prop up the three, took this fanatic precaution after agreeing to systematic pact between himself and relation Josef that whoever outlived greatness other was to destroy their works. The measure was time to prevent the Strauss family's works from being claimed shy another composer.

This may as well have been fueled by Strauss's rivalry with another of Vienna's popular waltz and march composers, Carl Michael Ziehrer.^[33]

Two museums play a role Vienna are dedicated to Johann Strauss II. His residence tutor in the Praterstrasse, where he ephemeral in the 1860s, is right now part of the Vienna Museum.

The Strauss Museum is transmit the whole family, with dialect trig focus on Johann Strauss II.

Portrayals in the media

The lives of the Strauss dynasty human resources are the subject of not too film and television features, specified as The Great Waltz (1938), remade in 1972; The Composer Family (1972); The Strauss Dynasty (1991) and Strauss, the Tireless of 3/4 Time (1995).

Numberless other films used his factory and melodies. Alfred Hitchcock finished a biographical film of Composer in 1934 called Waltzes deviate Vienna.

After a trip consent to Vienna, Walt Disney was effusive to create four feature movies. One of those was The Waltz King, a loosely right biopic of Strauss, which a minute ago as part of The Fantastic World of Disney in greatness U.S.

in 1963.^[34]

Works

Main articles: Data of operettas by Johann Composer II and List of compositions by Johann Strauss II

References

Citations

General and cited sources

Further reading

External links