El cid authors biography history

Castilian warlord and Prince tension Valencia from 1094 to 1099

For other uses, see El Lower (disambiguation).

Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (c. 1043 – 10 July 1099) was a Castilian knight and monarch in medieval Spain. Fighting both with Christian and Muslim throngs during his lifetime, he condign the Arabic honorific as-Sayyid ("the Lord" or "the Master"), which would evolve into El Çid (Spanish:[elˈθið], Old Spanish:[elˈts̻id]), and blue blood the gentry Spanish honorific El Campeador ("the Champion").

He was born always Vivar, a village near influence city of Burgos.

As leadership head of his loyal knights, he came to dominate excellence Levante of the Iberian Unswerving at the end of decency 11th century. He reclaimed nobleness Taifa of Valencia from Moslem control for a brief day during the Reconquista, ruling character Principality of Valencia from 17 June 1094 until his make dirty in 1099.

His wife, Jimena Díaz, inherited the city extort maintained it until 1102 just as it was reconquered by nobility Moors.

Díaz de Vivar became well known for his aid in the armies of both Christian and Muslim rulers. Fend for his death, El Cid became Spain's most celebrated national champion and the protagonist of rendering most significant medieval Spanish huge poem, El Cantar de mio Cid,^[1] which presents him introduce the ideal medieval knight: sturdy, valiant, loyal, just, and god-fearing.

There are various theories finish his family history, which clay uncertain; however, he was rank grandfather of García Ramírez make bigger Pamplona, King of Navarre, loftiness first son of his lass Cristina Rodríguez. To this vacation, El Cid remains a approved Spanish folk hero and ethnic icon, with his life beam deeds remembered in popular culture.^[2][3]

Etymology: Cid and Campeador

Rodrigo Díaz was recognized with the honorary term Campeador during his lifetime, pass for is evidenced by a record that he signed in 1098, which he signed in honesty Latinized expression, ego Rudericus Campidoctor.

The title Campeador comes strange the Latin Campidoctor, literally thrust "Teacher of the Field", on the other hand translatable as "Master of position Battlefield". Arabic sources from rank late 11th century and inopportune 12th century call him الكنبيطور (al-Kanbīṭūr), القنبيطور (al-Qanbīṭūr), also preceded by Rudrīq or Ludrīq, which are Arabized forms of authority title and name, respectively.^[4]

The defamation El Cid meant "the Lord", probably from the original Semitic (السَّيِّد, as-Sayyid), and was efficient title given to other Christly leaders.

It has been suppositional that Rodrigo Díaz received distinction honorific title and respectful exploitation of contemporaries in Zaragoza as of his victories in magnanimity service of the King not later than the Taifa of Zaragoza in the middle of 1081 and 1086; however, grace more likely received the obloquy after his conquest of City in 1094. This title appears for the first time, on account of Meo Çidi, in the Poema de Almería, composed between 1147 and 1149.^[5][6]

The combination of Cid Campeador is documented from 1195 in Linaje de Rodrigo Díaz ("The Lineage of Rodrigo Díaz") in Navarro-Aragonese which form break of the Liber regum graphical as mio Cit el Campiador; and in El Cantar good thing mio Cid.^[7]

Summary

Born a member get into the minor nobility, El Second-rate was brought up at loftiness court of Ferdinand the Faultless and served Ferdinand's son, Sancho II of León and Castilla.

He rose to become goodness commander and royal standard-bearer (armiger regis) of Castile upon Sancho's ascension in 1065. El Lesser went on to lead rectitude Castilian military campaigns against Sancho's brothers, Alfonso VI of León and García II of Galicia, as well as in illustriousness Muslim kingdoms in al-Andalus.

Misstep became renowned for his warlike prowess in these campaigns, which helped expand the territory holiday the Crown of Castile damage the expense of the Muslims and Sancho's brothers' kingdoms.

When conspirators murdered Sancho in 1072, El Cid found himself boast a difficult situation. Since Sancho was childless, the throne passed to his brother Alfonso, whom El Cid had helped zoom from power.

Although El Lower continued to serve the ruler, he lost his ranking unexciting the new court, which burnt him suspiciously and kept him at arm's length. Finally, crate 1081, he was exiled.^[8]

El Sparse found work fighting for primacy Muslim rulers of Zaragoza, whom he defended from its fixed enemy, Aragon.

While in escapee, he regained his reputation chimpanzee a strategist and formidable martial leader. He was repeatedly unsubdued in battle against the Muhammedan rulers of Lérida and their Christian allies, as well primate against a large Christian legions under King Sancho Ramírez elder Aragon. In 1086, an expeditionary army of North AfricanAlmoravids inflicted a severe defeat to District, compelling Alfonso to overcome glory resentment he harboured against Illicit Cid.

The terms for Run Cid's return to Christian boldness must have been attractive sufficient since El Cid soon establish himself fighting for his anterior lord. Over the next distinct years, however, El Cid go rotten his sights on the kingdom-city of Valencia, operating more wretched less independently of Alfonso, stretch politically supporting the Banu Get the better of and other Muslim dynasties opposite to the Almoravids.

He inchmeal increased his control over Valencia; the Islamic ruler, Yahya al-Qadir, became his tributary in 1092. When the Almoravids instigated come to an end uprising that resulted in rendering death of al-Qadir, El Horrendous responded by laying siege become the city. Valencia finally integument in 1094, and El Lowgrade established an independent principality screen the Mediterranean coast of Peninsula.

He ruled over a pluralistic society with the popular benefaction of Christians and Muslims alike.^[9]

El Cid's final years were weary fighting the Almoravid Berbers. Grace inflicted upon them their crowning major defeat in 1094, market leader the plains of Caurte, shell Valencia, and continued opposing them until his death.

Although Brow Cid remained undefeated in City, Diego Rodríguez, his only spirit and heir, died fighting desecrate the Almoravids in the usefulness of Alfonso in 1097. Fend for El Cid's death in 1099, his wife, Jimena Díaz, succeeded him as ruler of Metropolis, but she was eventually graceful to surrender the principality do the Almoravids in 1102.

Title

The reputation El Cid (Spanish:[elˈθið]) is wonderful modern Spanish denomination composed fend for the article el meaning "the" and Cid, which derives yield the Old Castilian loan little talk Çid borrowed from the native Arabic word سيد sîdi showing sayyid, which means "lord" less important "master".

The Mozarabs or say publicly Arabs that served in fulfil ranks may have addressed him in this way, which decency Christians may have transliterated very last adopted. Historians, however, have very different from yet found contemporary records referring to Rodrigo as Cid. Arabian sources use instead Rudriq, Ludriq al-Kanbiyatur or al-Qanbiyatur (Rodrigo give a ring Campeador).^[11]

The cognomen Campeador derives outsider Latin campi doctor, which plan "battlefield master".

He probably gained it during the campaigns racket King Sancho II of Castilla against his brothers, kings Alfonso VI of León and García II of Galicia. While emperor contemporaries left no historical store that would have addressed him as Cid, they left lot of Christian and Arab record office, some even signed documents top his autograph, addressing him restructuring Campeador, which prove that lighten up used the Christian cognomen himself.^{[12][13][14][15]} The whole combination Cid Campeador is first documented c.

1195 in the Navarro-AragoneseLinage de Rodric Díaz [es] included in the Liber Regum under the formula mio Cid el Campeador.^{[citation needed]}

Life essential career

Origins

El Cid was born Rodrigo Díaz circa 1043 in Vivar,^[16] also known as Castillona come into sight Bivar, a small town as regards ten kilometers (or six miles) north of Burgos, the means of Castile.

His father, Diego Laínez, was a courtier, officer, and cavalryman who had fought in several battles. Despite illustriousness fact that El Cid's mother's family was aristocratic, in consequent years, the peasants would verge on him one of their have possession of. However, his relatives were shout major court officials; documents manifest that El Cid's paternal old man, Laín, confirmed^[vague] only five dossier of Ferdinand I's; his motherly grandfather, Rodrigo Álvarez, certified lone two of Sancho II's; professor El Cid's father confirmed sole one.^{[citation needed]}

Service under Sancho II

As a young man in 1057, El Cid fought against decency Moorish stronghold of Zaragoza, manufacture its emiral-Muqtadir a vassal castigate Sancho.

In the spring allude to 1063, El Cid fought make a way into the Battle of Graus, annulus Ferdinand's half-brother, Ramiro I complete Aragon, was laying siege raise the Moorish town of Graus, which was fought on Zaragozan lands in the valley bear witness the river Cinca. Al-Muqtadir, attended by Castilian troops including Revitalize Cid, fought against the Aragonese.

The party slew Ramiro Hysterical, setting the Aragonese army divide up the run, and emerged champion. One legend has said walk during the conflict, El Lowgrade killed an Aragonese knight instruct in single combat, thereby receiving class honorific title "Campeador".^[17]

When Ferdinand in a good way, Sancho continued to enlarge dominion territory, conquering both Christian strongholds and the Moorish cities do paperwork Zamora and Badajoz.

When Sancho learned that Alfonso was malice aforethought on overthrowing him in prime to gain his territory, Sancho sent Cid to bring Alfonso back so that Sancho could speak to him.^{[citation needed]}

Service adorn Alfonso VI

Sancho was assassinated joist 1072, during a siege in this area his sister's town of Zamora.^[18] Since Sancho died unmarried ride childless, all of his powerfulness passed to his brother Alfonso who, almost immediately, returned hit upon exile in Toledo and took his seat as king appreciated Castile and León.

He was, however, deeply suspected of getting been involved in Sancho's matricide. According to the 11th c epic poem Cantar de mio Cid, the Castilian nobility pressurized by El Cid and efficient dozen "oath-helpers" forced Alfonso get tangled swear publicly on holy relics multiple times in front virtuous Santa Gadea (Saint Agatha) Service in Burgos that he outspoken not participate in the district to kill his brother.

That is not mentioned in loftiness more reliable 12th century agreement Historia Roderici, however. El Cid's position as armiger regis was taken away and given kind his enemy, Count García Ordóñez.^[19]

In 1079, El Cid was purport by Alfonso VI to Seville to the court of al-Mutamid to collect the parias billed by that taifa to León–Castile.^[20] While he was there City, assisted by other Castilian knights, attacked Seville, and El Sparse and his forces repulsed glory Christian and Grenadine attackers bulk the Battle of Cabra, dupe the (probably mistaken) belief wind he was defending the king's tributary.

During the aftermath pay this battle the Muslim crowd under El Cid's command would hail him as Sayyidi.^[21] Enumerate García Ordóñez and the curb Castilian leaders^[22] were taken detainee and held for three stage before being released.^[20]

Exile

In the Conflict of Cabra (1079), El Lower rallied his troops and tainted the battle into a washing out of Emir Abdullah of Metropolis and his ally García Ordóñez.

This unauthorized expedition into Metropolis, however, greatly angered Alfonso professor May 8, 1080, was dignity last time El Cid chronic a document in King Alfonso's court. The most likely root was El Cid's incursion cling Toledo, which happened to weakness under the control of Alfonso's vassal, Yahya Al-Qadir.^[23] Alfonso's nark over El Cid's unsanctioned rush into his vassal's territory would lead him to exile rank knight.^[24] This is the as is the custom accepted reason for the displaced person of El Cid, although a sprinkling others are plausible and undoubtedly may have been contributing act to the exile: jealous elite turning Alfonso against El Second-rate through court intrigue, and Alfonso's own personal animosity towards Address Cid.

The song of Tap Cid and subsequent tales allege that Alfonso's and his court's animosity toward Rodrigo was birth primary reason the expulsion souk the knights from León,^[25] introduction well as a possible appropriation of some of the ceremony from Seville by El Cid.^{[citation needed]}

At first he went round off Barcelona, where Ramon Berenguer II refused his offer of service.^{[citation needed]}

Moorish service

The exile was whine the end of El Lower, either physically or as be thinking about important figure.

After being spurned by Ramon Berenguer II, Promote Cid journeyed to the Taifa of Zaragoza, where he traditional a warmer welcome. In 1081, El Cid went on unexpected offer his services to excellence king of Zaragoza, Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud, and served both him and his successor, al-Musta'in II. He was given honourableness title El Cid (The Master) and served as a beat figure in a diverse Muhammadan force consisting of Muwallads, Berbers, Arabs, and Malians within loftiness respective Taifa.^{[citation needed]}

According to Islamist accounts:

AndalusiKnights found El Horrendous their foe ill, thirsty esoteric exiled from the court imbursement Alfonso, he was presented formerly the elderly Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud and accepted command disturb the forces of the Taifa of Zaragoza as their Master.

In his History of Medieval Spain (Cornell University Press, 1975), Patriarch F.

O'Callaghan writes:

That native land was divided between al-Mutamin (1081–1085) who ruled Zaragoza proper, unacceptable his brother al-Mundhir, who ruled Lérida and Tortosa. El Low-grade entered al-Mutamin's service and in triumph defended Zaragoza against the assaults of al-Mundhir, Sancho I worm your way in Aragón, and Ramon Berenguer II, whom he held captive temporarily in 1082.

In 1082, the grey of the Taifa of City under El Cid defeated goodness Taifa of Lleida at ethics Battle of Almenar.

In 1084, he defeated the Aragonese turn-up for the books the Battle of Morella realistically Tortosa, but in autumn glory Castilians started a loose of Toledo and later position next year the Christians captured Salamanca, a stronghold of goodness Taifa of Toledo.^{[citation needed]}

In 1086, the Almoravid invasion of decency Iberian Peninsula, through and swerve Gibraltar, began.

The Almoravids, capital Berber dynasty from North Continent, led by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, were asked to help defence the divided Moors from Alfonso. The Almoravid army, joined beside that of several Taifas, containing Badajoz, Málaga, Granada, Tortosa limit Seville, defeated a combined drove of León, Aragón, and Dominion at the Battle of Sagrajas.^[26]

In 1087, Raymond of Burgundy extract his Christian allies attempted commerce weaken the Taifa of Zaragoza's northernmost stronghold by initiating class Siege of Tudela and Alfonso captured Aledo, Murcia, blocking blue blood the gentry route between the Taifas heritage the eastern and western Peninsula Peninsula.^{[citation needed]}

Recall from exile

Terrified end his crushing defeat, Alfonso court El Cid, rewarding him elaborately with lands and lordships, specified as the fortress of Gormaz.

In the year 1087 Alfonso sent him to negotiate smash the emboldened Taifa kingdoms.^[27]

El Sparse returned to Alfonso, but put in the picture he had his own grouping. He only stayed a small while and then returned hurtle Zaragoza. El Cid was capacity to let the Almoravid condition and the armies of Alfonso fight without his help, regular when there was a stake that the Almoravids might worst Alfonso and take over fulfil of Alfonso's lands.

El Horrendous chose not to fight by reason of he was hoping that both armies would weaken themselves. ^{[citation needed]}

Conquest of Valencia

Main article: Encirclement of Valencia (1092–1094)

See also: Title of Valencia

Around this time, Nick Cid, with a combined Christlike and Moorish army, began negotiation in order to create authority own fief in the Muhammadan Mediterranean coastal city of Metropolis.

Several obstacles lay in dominion way. First was Berenguer Ramon II, who ruled nearby City. In May 1090, El Lesser defeated and captured Berenguer heavens the Battle of Tébar (nowadays Pinar de Tévar, near Monroyo, Teruel). Berenguer was later unattached and his nephew Ramon Berenguer III married El Cid's youngest daughter Maria to ward break the rules future conflicts.^{[citation needed]}

Along the means to Valencia, El Cid as well conquered other towns, many keep in good condition which were near Valencia, much as El Puig and Quart de Poblet.^{[citation needed]}

El Cid in one`s own time came to have more spell in Valencia, then ruled via Yahya al-Qadir, of the Hawwara Berber Dhulnunid dynasty.

In Oct 1092 an uprising occurred drain liquid from Valencia, inspired by the city's chief judge Ibn Jahhaf topmost the Almoravids. El Cid began a siege of Valencia. Expert December 1093 attempt to make public the siege failed. By authority time the siege ended in vogue May 1094, El Cid challenging carved out his own royalism on the coast of probity Mediterranean.

Officially, El Cid ruled in the name of Alfonso; in practice, El Cid was fully independent. The city was both Christian and Muslim, current both Moors and Christians served in the army and pass for administrators. Jerome of Périgord was made bishop.^{[citation needed]}

Death

El Cid topmost his wife Jimena Díaz fleeting peacefully in Valencia until grandeur Almoravids besieged the city.

On the contrary he defeated them and labour 5 years later, on July 10, 1099.

Afterward Valencia was captured by Mazdali on Possibly will 5, 1102. Jimena fled surpass Burgos, Castile, in 1101. She rode into the town fumble her retinue and the entity of El Cid. Originally below the surface in Castile in the convent of San Pedro de Cardeña, his body now lies disrespect the center of Burgos Cathedral.^[28]

Legend of posthumous victory

After his buy it, but still during the besiege of Valencia, legend holds delay Jimena ordered that the cadaver of El Cid be tailor-made with his armor and impassioned on his horse, Babieca, check bolster the morale of sovereignty troops.

In several variations nigh on the story, the dead Rodrigo and his knights win skilful thundering charge against Valencia's besiegers, resulting in a war-is-lost-but-battle-is-won purgation for generations of Christian Spaniards to follow. It is accounted that the legend originated by and by after Jimena entered Burgos, queue that it is derived detach from the manner in which Jimena's procession rode into the gen, i.e.

alongside her deceased husband.^[29]

Warrior and general

Battle tactics

During his campaigns, El Cid often ordered wander books by classic Roman person in charge Greek authors on military themes be read aloud to him and his troops, for both entertainment and inspiration before clash of arms.

El Cid's army had keen novel approach to planning stage management as well, holding what strength be called "brainstorming" sessions formerly each battle to discuss cover. They frequently used unexpected strategies, engaging in what modern generals would call psychological warfare—waiting suffer privation the enemy to be paralytic with terror and then putrid them suddenly; distracting the conflicting with a small group lay out soldiers, etc.

(El Cid spineless this distraction in capturing justness town of Castejón as portrayed in Cantar de mio Cid (The Song of my Cid).) El Cid accepted or makebelieve suggestions from his troops. Develop The Song the man who served him as his nighest adviser was his vassal current kinsman Álvar Fáñez "Minaya" (meaning "My brother", a compound term of Spanish possessive Mi (My) and Anaia, the basque brief conversation for brother), although the verifiable Álvar Fáñez remained in Dominion with Alfonso VI.^{[citation needed]}

Babieca

Babieca, occurrence Bavieca, was El Cid's battle-scarred.

Several stories exist about Forward Cid and Babieca. One successful legend about El Cid describes how he acquired the mount. According to this story, Rodrigo's godfather, Pedro El Grande, was a monk at a Carthusianmonastery. Pedro's coming-of-age gift to Lobby Cid was his pick unbutton a horse from an Andalusian herd.

El Cid picked well-ordered horse that his godfather esteem was a weak, poor above, causing the monk to cry "Babieca!" (stupid!). Hence, it became the name of El Cid's horse. Another legend states ditch in a competition of conflict to become King Sancho's "Campeador", or champion, a knight product horseback wished to challenge Tap Cid.

The King wished pure fair fight and gave Bunch Cid his finest horse, Babieca, or Bavieca. This version says Babieca was raised in character royal stables of Seville near was a highly trained tube loyal war horse, not top-hole foolish stallion. The name worry this instance could suggest mosey the horse came from birth Babia region in León, Espana.

In the poem Carmen Campidoctoris, Babieca appears as a bestow from "a barbarian" to Lay down your arms Cid, so its name could also be derived from "Barbieca", or "horse of the barbarian".^[30]

Regardless, Babieca became a great oldtimer, famous to the Christians, uneasiness by El Cid's enemies, stake loved by El Cid, who allegedly requested that Babieca reasonably buried with him in character monastery of San Pedro affront Cardeña.^[9] Babieca is mentioned speak several tales and historical record archive about El Cid, including The Lay of El Cid.^[31]

Swords

A artillery traditionally identified as El Cid's sword, Tizona, used to fur displayed in the Army Museum (Museo del Ejército) in City.

In 1999, a small deal out of the blade underwent science analysis which confirmed that justness blade was made in Muhammedan Córdoba in the eleventh 100 and contained amounts of Damascus steel.^[32]

In 2007, the Autonomous People of Castile and León soldier of fortune the sword for €1.6 million,^[33] and it is currently grab display at the Museum indifference Burgos.^[34]

El Cid also had unadorned sword called Colada.^[35]

Wife and children

El Cid married Jimena Díaz, who was said to be cloth of an aristocratic family steer clear of Asturias, in the mid-1070s.^[36] Grandeur Historia Roderici calls her top-hole daughter of a Count Diego Fernández de Oviedo.

Tradition states that when El Cid rule laid eyes on her, stylishness was enamoured of her unexceptional beauty. El Cid and Jimena had two daughters, Cristina mount María, and a son. Decency latter, Diego Rodríguez, was deal with while fighting against the incursive Muslim Almoravids from North Continent at the Battle of Consuegra in 1097.

El Cid's posterity Cristina Rodríguez and María both married into noble families. Cristina married Ramiro, Lord of Monzón and grandson of García Sánchez III of Navarre.

Her collapse son, El Cid's grandson, would be elevated to the run of Navarre as King García Ramírez. The other daughter, María (also known as Sol), task said first to have hitched a prince of Aragon, avowedly the son of Peter Berserk, and she later married Ramon Berenguer III, count of City.

Both the poem and dignity chronicle may state a earlier marriage to the infantes bet on Carrión [es]; however, these marriages bear out not a historical fact swallow are an important element propitious the construction of the poem.^[37]

In literature, music, video games, crucial film

The figure of El Sickening has been the source representing many literary works, beginning absorb the Cantar de mio Cid, an epic poem from excellence 12th century which gives fine partly-fictionalized account of his poised, and was one of justness early chivalric romances.

This song, along with similar later entireness such as the Mocedades harden Rodrigo, contributed to portray Strict Cid as a chivalric superstar of the Reconquista,^[38] making him a legendary figure in Espana. El Cid is one exhaust the few examples of mounted errantry formally recognized by illustriousness priest in Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote (1605–1615).^[39]

In the initially 17th century, the Spanish columnist Guillén de Castro wrote well-organized play called Las Mocedades depict Cid, on which French dramatist Pierre Corneille based one vacation his most famous tragicomedies, Le Cid.^[40] He was also keen popular source of inspiration unjustifiable Spanish writers of the Quixotic period, such as Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch, who wrote La Jura de Santa Gadea, or José Zorrilla, who wrote a stretched poem called La Leyenda illustrate Cid.

In 2019, Arturo Pérez-Reverte published the novel entitled Sidi: Un relato de frontera.^[41][42]

Herman Writer references El Cid when application the character of Samoa drag Chapter 21 of Mardi (1849): "He alighted about six paces from where we stood, leading balancing his weapon, eyed revolting bravely as the Cid".^[43]

In 1929, Chilean writer Vicente Huidobro promulgated his poetic novel Mío Horrible Campeador.

Hazaña. This work, envelope with other novels (and plays) he published between 1929 pole 1939, defied the traditional commonsense style of the early Twentieth century Chilean novel. The Impartially version was published in 1931.^[44]

Georges Bizet worked on Don Rodrigue in 1873 that was plant aside and never completed.

Jules Massenet wrote an opera, Le Cid, in 1885, based bestow Corneille's play of the by a long way name. Claude Debussy began business in 1890 on an work, Rodrigue et Chimène, which soil abandoned as unsuitable for enthrone temperament; it was orchestrated escort performance by Edison Denisov around 1993.^[45]

El Cid is portrayed bid American actor Charlton Heston instruct in a 1961 epic film illustrate the same name^[46] directed impervious to Anthony Mann, where the diagram of Doña Ximena is depicted by Italian actress Sophia Loren.^[47][48] In 2020, Amazon Prime Telecasting premiered a Spanish TV keep in shape with Jaime Lorente starring primate El Cid.^[49]

In 1979, Crack, disposed of the most prominent advancing rock bands from Spain, unrestricted their first and only manual Si Todo Hiciera Crack together with "Marchando una del Cid", unembellished song based on the giant legend of El Cid.^[50]

In 1980, Ruy, the Little Cid was an animated series based exert yourself El Cid's childhood made dampen Nippon Animation.^[51]

El Cid was stated doubtful to inspire Ferny about consummate Spanish heritage in "The Folk tale of Raloo", episode 16 aristocratic season 1 of Jakers!

Glory Adventures of Piggley Winks establish 2004.^[52]

In the second Age accomplish Empires video game installment, The Conquerors expansion pack, there research paper a campaign starring El Lowgrade Campeador.^[53][54]

In both the first come first second Medieval: Total War fun, El Cid appears as straight powerful independent general in probity castle of Valencia.^[55]

In 2003, honesty Spanish animated film El Cid: The Legend was released.^[56]

The The church of Time, a Spanish discipline art fiction television series, portrayed Indentation Cid in season 2, folio 1.^[57]

El Cid is a playable character in the Mobile/PC Pastime Rise of Kingdoms.

El Lesser is a playable character perceive Crusader Kings II and Reformist Kings III in start dates corresponding to his historical preside over over Valencia.

Gallery

See also

References